Isifundo Sokubalwa Kwesikhathi SeSabatha NgokweBhayibheli —
ISabatha Liqala Nini Ngempela?
ISabatha usuku lwesikhombisa olubusiswe futhi olungcweliswe nguNkulunkulu. Amakholwa awagcini iSabatha ukuze athole insindiso.
Kunalokho, ngaphansi komusa, bakhumbula imisebenzi kaNkulunkulu emikhulu yokudala nokuhlenga futhi babheke phambili ekuphumuleni okuphakade okuzayo.
Namuhla, kunemibono eminingana ehlukene mayelana nokuthi iSabatha liqala nini futhi liphela nini.
Abanye balandela isiko lamaJuda kamuva futhi bagcina iSabatha kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu kuya ekushoneni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo.
Abanye babala ngokwesikhathi sendawo sokushona kwelanga noma ukubonakala kwezinkanyezi.
Abanye balandela ikhalenda yesimanje yomphakathi futhi basebenzisa phakathi kwamabili njengomngcele wosuku, okungukuthi, indawo yokuhlukanisa phakathi kosuku olulodwa nolulandelayo.
Abanye, ngokusekelwe ezindimeni ezahlukene zeBhayibheli, bakholelwa ukuthi usuku oluphelele luqala ngemini, luqhubeke kuze kube kusihlwa nasebusuku, futhi luphela lapho kuqala usuku olulandelayo.
Ngokwalokhu kuqonda, iSabatha losuku lwesikhombisa lalizoqala ekukhanyeni kwemini ngoMgqibelo bese liphela ekuqaleni kokukhanya kwemini ngeSonto.
Lolu cwaningo luhlola ukuthi lo mbono wokugcina unokusekelwa kweBhayibheli nomlando.
1. “Usuku” Lwakhiwa Kanjani KuGenesise?
Amarekhodi kaGenesise 1:3–5:
UNkulunkulu wathi, “Makube khona ukukhanya,” kwaba khona ukukhanya. UNkulunkulu wabona ukuthi ukukhanya kuhle, wahlukanisa ukukhanya nobumnyama. UNkulunkulu wabiza ukukhanya ngokuthi iMini, nobumnyama wabubiza ngokuthi ubusuku. Kwaba khona ukuhlwa, kwaba khona ukusa, usuku lokuqala.
Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi umbhalo uthi, “kwaba khona ukuhlwa, kwaba khona ukusa,” ngakho-ke usuku kumelwe luqale kusihlwa.
Nokho, ukufunda ngokucophelela ukulandelana kosuku lokuqala kuGenesise kuvumela okunye okungenzeka.
Ekuqaleni kokudalwa, umhlaba wawungenasimo futhi ungenalutho, nobumnyama babuphezu kobuso bolwandle. Ubumnyama babukhona kakade, kodwa ukukhanya uNkulunkulu akudala futhi akuhlukanisa kwakungakabonakali. UNkulunkulu wathi, “Makube khona ukukhanya,” futhi kwaba yilapho kuphela lapho kwaba khona ukukhanya. UNkulunkulu wabe esehlukanisa ukukhanya nobumnyama, ebiza ukukhanya ngokuthi “Imini” nobumnyama ngokuthi “Ubusuku.”
Ngakho-ke, ukulandelana kwangempela kosuku lokuqala kungaqondwa kanje:
Ubumnyama bokuqala → UNkulunkulu udala ukukhanya → Imini → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Ukusa → Usuku lokuqala luphelile
Lokhu akufani ncamashi nokuthi usuku ngokwalo luqala kusihlwa.
“Ukuhlwa” ukuguquka lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kuphela khona bese kuqala ubusuku, kanti “ukusa” ukuguquka lapho ubusuku buphela khona bese kuqala ukukhanya futhi.
Ngakho-ke, isitatimende:
"Kwaba ngukuhlwa, kwaba ngukusa, usuku lokuqala"
Kungase futhi kuqondwe njengokusho ukuthi usuku oluphelele lokudala lwadlula emini, kusihlwa, nasebusuku kwaze kwaba sekuseni. Ngaleso sikhathi usuku lokuqala lwaphela futhi usuku olulandelayo lwaqala.
Kusukela osukwini lwesibili kuqhubeke, usuku lungamelwa kanje:
Ukukhanya kwemini → Kusihlwa → Ubusuku → Ekuseni
Okusho ukuthi, usuku luqala ekuseni cishe emini bese luphela ngakusasa ekuseni.
Lokhu kuhumusha akuyona nje into yanamuhla. Ezinye izazi zamaJuda nezeBhayibheli ziye zaphikisana ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi u-Israyeli wasendulo ekuqaleni wayesebenzisa indlela yokubala usuku kusukela ekuseni kuya ekuseni.
2. Usuku Lokubuyisana: Ingabe “Ukuhlwa kuya Kuhlwa” ukubalwa Kosuku Okuvamile, Noma Umkhosi Okhethekile?
ULevitikusi 23:27 uthi:
Ngosuku lweshumi lwale nyanga yesikhombisa kuyakuba khona usuku lokuhlawulelwa.
Kodwa uLevitikusi 23:32 unikeza umyalo okhethekile:
Kusukela kusihlwa kosuku lwesishiyagalolunye lwenyanga kuze kube kusihlwa okulandelayo, kufanele nigcine isabatha lenu.
Lesi yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu.
Uma “ukuhlwa kosuku lwesishiyagalolunye” kwase kuyisiqalo sosuku lweshumi, kungani umbhalo usalubiza kanje:
kusihlwa kosuku lwesishiyagalolunye
kunokuba “kusihlwa kosuku lweshumi”?
Okunye ukuqonda okungenzeka ukuthi umngcele ojwayelekile wosuku wawuhlala ekuseni, kuyilapho ukuzila ukudla okukhethekile nokuzithoba okwakudingeka ngoSuku Lokubuyisana kwakuqala kusenesikhathi, kusihlwa ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye, futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube kusihlwa ngosuku lweshumi.
Ngakho-ke:
Isikhathi sasemini sika-9 → Ukuhlwa komhla ziyi-9 [kuyaqala ukuzila] → Isikhathi sasemini sika-10 [Usuku Lokubuyisana] → Ukuhlwa komhla ziyi-10 [iziphetho ezisheshayo]
Ngokwalokhu kuqonda, “ukuhlwa kuya kusihlwa” kuchaza:
isikhathi esikhethekile sokugubha uSuku Lokubuyisana
kunokuba kuchazwe ngokufanele:
umngcele wosuku wansuku zonke
Lo mehluko ubalulekile.
IBhayibheli alisho ukuthi:
"ISabatha ngalinye kumelwe ligcinwe kusukela kusihlwa kuze kube kusihlwa."
ULevitikusi 23:32 ukhuluma ngokuqondile ngoSuku Lokubuyisana, olunomyalo oyingqayizivele wokuzithoba.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhulisa leli vesi libe umthetho ojwayelekile weSabatha lamasonto onke kudinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kweBhayibheli.
3. Ubudlelwano Phakathi “Kwalolo Suku” “Nokusa”
Izindima eziningana eMthethweni kaMose ziphawuleka kakhulu.
ULevitikusi 7:15 uthi inyama yomnikelo wokubonga kumelwe idliwe ngosuku enikelwa ngalo futhi akumelwe ishiywe kuze kube sekuseni.
ULevitikusi 22:30 uthi futhi:
Kumelwe kudliwe ngalolo suku; ningashiyi lutho kuze kube sekuseni.
UDuteronomi 21:23 uyala futhi:
Isidumbu sakhe asiyikuhlala ubusuku bonke emthini, kodwa kufanele umngcwabe ngalolo suku.
Lezi zindima ngokwemvelo ziveza ukulandelana:
Ngalolo suku → Kusihlwa → Ubusuku → Ekuseni
Zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlwa nobusuku kusesengokwalo “lolo suku,” kanti ukufika kokusa kuphawula ukuqala kosuku olulandelayo.
Ngakho-ke, umhlatshelo wawungadliwa kusihlwa nangobusuku balolo suku olufanayo, kodwa wawungeke uhlale kuze kube sekuseni. La mazwi ahambisana nokusa okusebenza njengomngcele lapho imfuneko ephathelene “nalolo suku” ingasasebenzi khona.
Leli gama lisekela ngokuqondile ukuqonda ukuthi usuku luqala ekuseni eduze kokukhanya kwelanga, luqhubeke kuze kube kusihlwa, bese kuba sebusuku, bese luphela ekuseni.
Okungenani, lezi zindima zisikisela ukuthi ekuseni kungasebenza njenge- umngcele wosuku, iphuzu lokuhlukanisa phakathi kosuku olulodwa nolulandelayo.
4. U-Eksodusi 16, iMana, kanye nokugcinwa kweSabatha kokuqala okulotshiwe
U-Eksodusi 16 ungenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokufunda isikhathi seSabatha.
Abantu baphuma njalo ekuseni ukuyobutha imana, ngosuku lwesithupha babutha kabili.
UMose wabatshela:
Kusasa kuyisabatha lokuphumula, isabatha elingcwele eNkosini.
Abantu bagcina ukudla:
kuze kube sekuseni.
Kwathi ekuseni, uMose wathi:
Yidlani lokho namuhla, ngoba namuhla yiSabatha eNkosini.
Indaba iveza ukulandelana okulandelayo:
Usuku lwesithupha: qoqa isabelo esiphindwe kabili → Amapasi asebusuku → Ukusa → “Namuhla” yiSabatha
Lena enye yezingxenye ezibalulekile lapho uNkulunkulu, ngoMose, efundisa khona u-Israyeli ngokusemthethweni indlela yokugcina iSabatha.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sigaba asisho ukuthi uMose umemezela ekushoneni kwelanga ngosuku lwesithupha:
"ISabatha seliqalile manje."
Kunalokho, ngakusasa ekuseni, usuku lwesikhombisa luchazwa kanje:
"Namuhla yiSabatha."
Lokhu kuyahambisana, futhi kungase kusekele, ukubala okusekelwe ekuseni, nakuba kungazinqumi ngokwako ukuqala okunembile kweSabatha.
5. Ukuvalwa Kwamasango KukaNehemiya Akuqinisekisi Ngokwako Ukuthi ISabatha Laqala Ekushoneni Kwelanga
Amarekhodi kaNehemiya 13:19:
Kwathi lapho amasango aseJerusalema eqala ukuba mnyama ngaphambi kweSabatha, ngayala ukuba amasango avalwe futhi ngayala ukuba angavulwa kuze kube ngemva kweSabatha.
Le ndima ivame ukusetshenziswa ukufakazela ukuthi iSabatha liqala ekushoneni kwelanga.
Nokho, umbhalo ngokwawo uthi:
ngaphambi kweSabatha
UNehemiya wavala amasango kusenesikhathi, ngesikhathi sobumnyama ngaphambi kweSabatha. Lokhu kungaqondwa ngokwemvelo njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela abathengisi ukuthi bangenise izimpahla edolobheni ebusuku ukuze bakwazi ukuhweba ngeSabatha elilandelayo.
Ngakho-ke:
Ukuvala amasango lapho kuhwalala ≠ kuwubufakazi bokuthi ukuhwalala ngokwako kwakuyisiqalo seSabatha
Le ndima iyahambisana nencazelo yokuqala kokushona kwelanga, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ukuthi ukushona kwelanga kwakuyimingcele yosuku.
6. Isikhathi Sokungcwatshwa KweNkosi UJesu Siphakamisa Umbuzo Obalulekile
Ukungcwatshwa kweNkosi uJesu: Ukuhlwa ngosuku lokulungiselela kanye nokusondela kweSabatha
Amarekhodi kaMarku 15:42:
“Kwathi sekuhlwile, ngoba kwakulusuku lokuLungiselela, okungukuthi, usuku olungaphambi kweSabatha…”
Ukulandelana kwesikhathi kuleli vesi kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela.
Umbhalo usho ngokusobala ukuthi:
ubusuku base bufikile kakade
kodwa isikhathi esifanayo sisabizwa ngokuthi:
“Usuku Lokulungiselela, okungukuthi, usuku olungaphambi kweSabatha.”
Ngamanye amazwi, ngokusho kokufunda okungokwemvelo kwendaba, ukuhlwa kwase kufikile, kodwa kwase kuyiSuku Lokulungiselela, futhi iSabatha lalingakaqali.
UJosefa wase-Arimatheya wabe eseya kuPilatu wacela isidumbu seNkosi uJesu. UPilatu wamangala ukuthi wayesefile kakade, ngakho wabiza induna yekhulu wabuza ukuthi ngabe usefile isikhathi esithile. UPilatu wakhulula isidumbu kuJosefa kuphela ngemva kokuthola isiqinisekiso.
Kwakusadingeka kulandelwe uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokungcwaba. UJosefa kwakudingeka:
thenga ilineni elihle → susa isidumbu → lungisa isidumbu → sisonge ngelineni → usibeke ethuneni eliqoshwe edwaleni → gingqa itshe emnyango
UJohane 19:39–40 uqhubeka nokulandisa ukuthi uNikodemu weza nenqwaba yemure ne-aloe, futhi ndawonye:
walungisa isidumbu sikaJesu ngezinongo ngokwesiko lamaJuda lokungcwaba.
Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngesikhathi lapho sekuhlwile kakade futhi uJosefa waya kuPilatu okokuqala ukuyocela isidumbu, ngokubuza kukaPilatu enduneni yekhulu, ukukhululwa kwesidumbu, kanye nokulungiselela okuphelele kokungcwaba okwenziwa uJosefa noNikodemu, kumelwe ukuba kwadlula isikhathi esiningi.
Ngemva kokuchaza lezi zenzakalo, uLuka 23:54 uthi:
“Lolo suku lwaluyilungiselelo, neSabatha lase lisondela.”
Leli vesi liphawuleka kakhulu.
Isenzo sesiGreki esihunyushwe ngokuthi “kwakusondele” sithi ἐπέφωσκεν (epéphōsken), kusukela ἐπιφώσκω (epiphōskō)Leli gama lihlotshaniswa nokuvela kokukhanya, usuku luqala ukukhanya, noma ukusa kusondela.
Ngakho-ke, uma kucatshangelwa umqondo oyisisekelo waleli gama, indaba kaLuka iphakamisa umbuzo obalulekile okufanele uphenywe:
Ingabe ukungcwatshwa kweNkosi uJesu kwaqala kusihlwa ngoSuku Lokulungiselela, kwaqhubeka isikhathi esithile ebusuku, kwase kuphetha lapho kusondela ukusa, iSabatha losuku lwesikhombisa selizoba “ngukusa”?
Uma kunjalo, ukulandelana kwezikhathi kuzohambisana:
Usuku Lokulungiselela emini: iNkosi ibethelwe esiphambanweni → Kufika ukuhlwa, kodwa kusabizwa ngokuthi Usuku Lokulungiselela → UJosefa ucela isidumbu → UJosefa noNikodemu balungiselela futhi bangcwaba isidumbu seNkosi → ISabatha liyasondela
Le ncazelo ifanelwe ukuqhathaniswa nombono wendabuko wokuthi iSabatha laqala ngokushesha ekushoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu.
UMarku uthi ngokusobala ukuthi ubusuku base bufikile ngenkathi isikhathi sisabizwa ngokuthi “uSuku Lokulungiselela, usuku olungaphambi kweSabatha.” ULuka, ngemva kokuchaza ukungcwatshwa, ube esesebenzisa isenzo esihlotshaniswa nokukhanya noma ukusa ukuchaza iSabatha njengelisondelayo.
Yiqiniso, yonke indaba yokubalwa kweSabatha ayinakuxazululwa ngegama elilodwa lesiGreki ἐπέφωσκεν kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gama ezimweni ezahlukene kanye nezindlela zokubala izinsuku phakathi kwamaJuda ekhulu lokuqala nakho kumelwe kuhlolwe.
Noma kunjalo, uma lezi zindima ezimbili zifundwa ndawonye, ziphakamisa umbuzo okungafanele ulahlwe kalula:
Uma iSabatha lase liqalile ngokushesha ngemva kokushona kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu, kungani uMarku, ngemva kokuthi ubusuku bufikile, esabiza isikhathi ngokuthi “uSuku Lokulungiselela, usuku olungaphambi kweSabatha”? Futhi kungani uLuka, ngasekupheleni komngcwabo, esebenzisa isenzo esihlotshaniswa nokukhanya nokusa ukuchaza ukusondela kweSabatha?
Ngakho-ke, indaba yokungcwatshwa kweNkosi uJesu idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokujulile lapho kufundwa ukuthi iSabatha laqala kusihlwa noma emini.
7. UMathewu 28:1: “Ngemva kweSabatha, Ekuseni Kosuku Lokuqala”
UMathewu 28:1 ungomunye umbhalo obaluleke kakhulu.
IsiGriki sichaza isikhathi kanje:
ngemva kweSabatha, njengoba kwase kusile ngosuku lokuqala lwesonto.
Ngokusho kokulandelana kwezikhathi okungokwemvelo kakhulu:
ISabatha liphelile → Ubusuku obuphakathi bufika emngceleni walo wasekuseni → Usuku lokuqala luyaqala
Lokhu kuhambisana ngokwemvelo nokuqonda ukuthi usuku lokuqala luqala ekuseni.
Zonke izincwadi ezine zeVangeli zibika ukuthi abesifazane baya ethuneni ekuseni kakhulu ngosuku lokuqala lwesonto.
Uma iSabatha laliphelile ngokuphelele ekushoneni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo, kungani abesifazane bengazange baye ethuneni ngokushesha ngoMgqibelo kusihlwa kunokulinda kuze kube semini ngosuku lokuqala?
Umuntu angaphendula ngokunengqondo ngokuthi ukuphepha, ubumnyama, ukukhanya, noma ezinye izinto eziwusizo kungachaza ukubambezeleka. Ngakho-ke, leli phuzu lodwa alilona elinqumayo.
Nokho, uma ifundwa kanye nezinye izindima, ihlala ibalulekile.
8. Johane 20:19: “Ngalolo suku, usuku lokuqala lwesonto, kusihlwa”
UJohane 20:19 uloba:
“Ngakho-ke, ngalolo suku kusihlwa, okungukuthi usuku lokuqala lwesonto…”
Ngokwesimiso samaJuda sakamuva sokushona kwelanga kuya ekushoneni kwelanga, kusihlwa ngeSonto ngemva kokushona kwelanga kwakuyoba usuku lwesibili kakade.
Noma kunjalo uJohane usasho ukuthi:
“Ngalolo suku, usuku lokuqala lwesonto, kusihlwa.”
Okungenani lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umlobi weTestamente Elisha angachaza ubusuku obulandela usuku njengobusesengobosuku olufanayo.
Yiqiniso, abanye abahumushi baqonda “lolo suku olufanayo” njengokubhekisela nje endabeni ngosuku lovuko kunokuba kube yincazelo yekhalenda yobuchwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke, le ndima isetshenziswa kangcono kanye nobunye ubufakazi kunokuba ibe ubufakazi bodwa.
9. Izindima zeTestamente Elisha lapho “Usuku Olulandelayo” Luza Ngemva Kokuhlwa Noma Ubusuku
ITestamente Elisha liqukethe amaphethini amaningana okulandisa afanayo.
UMarku 11 ubhala ukuthi ubusuku bufikile, bese ekhuluma “ngosuku olulandelayo.”
UJohane 6 uthi okokuqala ukuthi ubusuku sebufikile nokuthi kwase kumnyama kakade, futhi ngemva kwalokho kukhulunywa “ngosuku olulandelayo.”
IzEnzo 4 zibika ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi kwase kuhlwile kakade, abaphostoli baboshwa kwaze kwaba “ngosuku olulandelayo.”
IzEnzo 23 zichaza uPawulu ephelezelwa ebusuku, futhi kamuva zibhekisela “ngosuku olulandelayo.”
Lezi zindaba akufanele zonke ziphathwe njengezindlela zekhalenda eziqinile.
Noma kunjalo, babonisa ukuthi:
Ukuhlwa nobusuku kwakungabhekwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngabalobi beBhayibheli njengokuqala kosuku olulandelayo.
10. “Amahora Ayishumi Nambili” Okugcina Isikhathi Emini Nokusukela Ekuseni
INkosi uJesu yathi:
"Awekho yini amahora ayishumi nambili emini?"
—Johane 11:9
ITestamente Elisha livame ukubhekisela ehoreni lesithathu, ihora lesithupha, kanye nehora lesishiyagalolunye.
Ngaphansi kwesimiso samaJuda sokuhlukanisa ukukhanya kwelanga kube izingxenye eziyishumi nambili:
ihora lesithathu cishe lalingu-9:00 ekuseni;
ngehora lesithupha cishe emini;
ngehora lesishiyagalolunye cishe ngo-3:00 ntambama
Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukubala okuvamile kwasemini ezweni lasendulo kwakuqala cishe ekuseni noma ekuphumeni kwelanga.
Kodwa-ke, umehluko obalulekile kufanele ugcinwe phakathi kwalokhu okulandelayo:
indawo yokuqala yokubala amahora ayishumi nambili emini
futhi
umngcele wosuku wosuku oluphelele lwekhalenda lwamahora angamashumi amabili nane
Lokhu okubili akufani ngempela.
Ngakho-ke, lobu bufakazi bunganikeza ukwesekwa okuyisisekelo kokuqonda okusekelwe ekuseni, kodwa akufanele busetshenziswe bodwa ukufakazela ukuthi usuku ngalunye kumele luqale ngo-6:00 ekuseni ngqo.
Ukuze kugcinwe ngendlela engokoqobo namuhla, ukusebenzisa cishe isikhathi esijwayelekile sendawo esingu-6:00–7:00 ekuseni njengomngcele wokusebenza kunganikeza uhlelo oluhambisanayo, kodwa kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacile ukuthi lokhu:
indlela ewusizo yokusebenzisa, hhayi umyalo weBhayibheli ochaza ngqo u-6:00 ekuseni
11. Imini Nobusuku Kuhlala Kubuya Ngezikhathi Zakho Ezimisiwe
UJeremiya 33 uqukethe izitatimende ezimbili ezibalulekile mayelana nokuhleleka kwemini nobusuku okumiswe ngokwaphezulu.
UJeremiya 33:20 uthi:
“Isho kanje iNkosi: Uma ningaphula isivumelwano sami nemini nesivumelwano sami nobusuku, ukuze imini nobusuku kungafiki ngesikhathi sazo esimisiwe…”
UJeremiya 33:25 ubhekisela futhi ku:
Isivumelwano sikaNkulunkulu nemini nobusuku kanye nokuhleleka okumisiweyo kwezulu nomhlaba.
Lezi zindima zichaza imini nobusuku njengezinkathi ezimbili ezihlukene kodwa eziphindaphindayo ezilawulwa uhlelo lukaNkulunkulu olumisiwe:
Usuku lufika ngesikhathi salo esimisiwe → Ubusuku bufika ngesikhathi salo esimisiwe → Usuku lubuya futhi
Ukuhlangana okufanayo kwemvelo kuvela ngokuphindaphindiwe ezinkulumweni zeBhayibheli ezichaza izinkathi zesikhathi eziqhubekayo:
izinsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu — 1 Samuweli 30:12; Jona 1:17; Mathewu 12:40;
izinsuku eziyisikhombisa nobusuku obuyisikhombisa — Jobe 2:13;
izinsuku ezingamashumi amane nobusuku obungamashumi amane —Genesise 7:4, 12; Eksodusi 24:18; 34:28; Duteronomi 9:9, 18; 1 AmaKhosi 19:8; Mathewu 4:2.
Kulezi zinkulumo, elithi “usuku” ngokuvamile lisho isikhathi sokukhanya kanti elithi “ubusuku” lisho isikhathi sobumnyama. Zombili zichaza ukulandelana okungaphazanyiswa kwemini nobusuku.
Iphethini yeBhayibheli ephindaphindwayo— imini nobusuku —ngakho-ke iyahambisana nalokhu kulandelana:
Ukukhanya kwemini → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Ukubuya kokukhanya kwemini
Lobu bufakazi abuqinisekisi umkhawulo oqondile wobuchwepheshe wosuku ngalunye lwekhalenda. Nokho, bubonisa ukuthi iBhayibheli liphindelela liphatha ukukhanya kwelanga nobusuku obukulandela njengezikhathi ezihambisanayo ngokwemvelo lapho lichaza ukudlula kwezinsuku eziphelele.
Uma kucatshangelwa kanye noGenesise 1, imithetho ephathelene nokuthi yini okungamelwe ihlale kuze kube sekuseni, kanye nezinye izindima ezihlolwe kulesi sifundo, le ndlela ephindaphindayo yemini nobusuku inikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokuhlola ukuthi ukulandelana kweBhayibheli kungaqondwa yini njengemini elandelwa ubusuku, kanye nomjikelezo olandelayo obonakala lapho ukukhanya kwemini kubuyela.
12. Izingxabano Zekhalenda Ezase Zikhona Phakathi Nenkathi Yesibili Yethempeli
Ekufundeni amakhalenda amaJuda asendulo, iqiniso elibalulekile lomlando kumele likhunjulwe:
U-Israyeli wasendulo wayengasebenzisi uhlelo olulodwa lwekhalenda olungaguquki kuwo wonke umlando wawo.
Incwadi yamaJubili kanye namasiko ezinkanyezi aboniswe ku-1 Enoke igcizelela kakhulu ikhalenda lelanga lezinsuku ezingu-364.
Unyaka onezinsuku ezingu-364 uqukethe lokhu okulandelayo:
Amasonto angu-52 aphelele.
Incwadi YamaJubili, isahluko 6, ize ixwayise ngokuthi uma abantu benquma izinsuku ngokubheka inyanga, imikhosi namaSabatha kungase kuphazamiseke.
Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kwakukhona izingxabano ezibalulekile zekhalenda emphakathini wamaJuda ngesikhathi seThempeli Lesibili.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ezinye izindima kumaJubili zibonisa uhlelo lapho usuku olusha luqala khona ngemva kokushona kwelanga, lokhu akukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuphambene ukufakazela ukuthi:
"Lokhu kwakuyindlela yokuqala kaMose."
IJubili ngokwalo ngumsebenzi wesikhathi seThempeli Lesibili futhi libonisa isiko elilodwa elithile phakathi naleso sikhathi.
13. Ezinye Izazi ZamaJuda Zanamuhla Ziphikisene Ngomngcele Wasekuseni Wama-Israyeli Wasekuqaleni
Izazi eziningi ezibalulekile zamaJuda zekhulu lama-20 zahlola lo mbuzo.
UJulian Morgenstern baphikisana ngokuthi u-Israyeli wasendulo wake wabala usuku kusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga noma ekuntweleni kwelanga kuya ekuphumeni kwelanga okulandelayo noma ekuntweleni kwelanga, nokuthi uhlelo lokushona kwelanga kuya ekushoneni kwelanga lwathuthuka kamuva.
UJacob Z. Lauterbach baphakamisa umbono ofanayo, bephikisana ngokuthi ukubalwa kosuku kwa-Israyeli wangaphambi kokudingiswa kwakungasho ukuthi kufana nesimiso samaRabi sakamuva, nokuthi eminye imikhuba yaseThempelini yayigcina isimiso esidala lapho ubusuku bulandela khona usuku lwangaphambi kosuku.
PJ Heawood futhi kuxoxwe ngethuba lomngcele wosuku lwasekuseni ngemithetho yemihlatshelo, izindima zikaGenesise, kanye neTestamente Elisha.
Lezi zifundo azifakazeli ukuthi izifundiswa zanamuhla zifinyelele esiphethweni esivumelana ngazwi linye.
Nokho, bayabonisa ukuthi:
Umbono wokuthi u-Israyeli wakuqala kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni wayesebenzisa umngcele wosuku lwasekuseni awuyona nje into entsha yesimanje engenaso isibonelo sezazi.
Yisikhundla esiphakanyisiwe ngokusemthethweni futhi saxoxwa ngaso ezifundweni zezemfundo.
14. Usizi LweNkosi kanye “Nosuku Lwesithathu”
Zonke izincwadi ezine zeVangeli zikhomba usuku lokubethelwa kweNkosi uJesu ngokuthi:
Usuku Lokulungiselela.
INkosi yabikezela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi izovuka:
ngosuku lwesithathu.
KuLuka 24:21, ntambama yosuku lokuqala lwesonto, abafundi ababili ababesendleleni eya e-Emawuse bathi:
"Namuhla usuku lwesithathu selokhu kwenzeka lezi zinto."
Uma ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kwenzeke ngoLwesihlanu:
ULwesihlanu = usuku lokuqala
uMgqibelo = usuku lwesibili
ISonto = usuku lwesithathu
Lokhu kuvumelana ngokwemvelo nenkulumo ethi “wavuswa ngosuku lwesithathu.”
Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuhambisa ukubethelwa ngoLwesine ukuze nje sichaze inkulumo ethi “izinsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu.”
15. “Izinsuku Ezintathu Nobusuku Obuthathu Enhliziyweni Yomhlaba” Akusho Ngokungadingekile “Ukungcwatshwa Izinsuku Ezintathu Nobusuku Obuthathu”
UMathewu 12:40 uthi:
“Kanjalo neNdodana yomuntu izoba senhliziyweni yomhlaba izinsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu.”
Le nkulumo ithi:
“enhliziyweni yomhlaba”
kunokuba kusetshenziswe igama elivamile elithi “ngaphakathi ethuneni elingaphansi komhlaba.”
Lapho iNkosi iboshwa eGetsemane, yathi:
"Lesi yisikhathi senu, namandla obumnyama."
—Luka 22:53
Ngakho-ke, enye incazelo engokomoya engaba khona ukuthi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuboshwa Kwayo ngoLwesine ebusuku, iNkosi yayisivele ingene enkathini lapho yayingaphansi kwamandla aleli zwe kanye “namandla obumnyama.”
Ngakho-ke:
NgoLwesine ebusuku
NgoLwesihlanu emini
NgoLwesihlanu ebusuku
NgoMgqibelo emini
NgoMgqibelo ebusuku
NgeSonto ekuseni kakhulu, sekusondele ukukhanya kwemini
kungabalwa kanje:
ubusuku obuthathu kanye nezikhathi ezintathu zasemini
ngenkathi iNkosi isalokhu:
yabethelwa esiphambanweni ngoLwesihlanu futhi yavuswa ngosuku lwesithathu, ngeSonto.
Le ncazelo ivumela kokubili “izinsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu” kanye “nokuvuka ngosuku lwesithathu” ukuthi kuhlale kuyiqiniso ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela iVangeli elichaza ngayo usuku lokubethelwa njengoSuku Lokulungiselela.
16. Uhlaka Lokuqhathanisa Lwezinhlanganisela Ezingangemashumi Ayisikhombisa Nambili Ezingenzeka
Uma lezi ziguquguquko ezilandelayo zihlelwe ngezinhlanganisela ezahlukene:
ukuthi usuku lulandela ubusuku - usuku noma imini nobusuku ukulandelana;
ukuthi iNkosi yahlupheka yini ngosuku lwesine, lwesihlanu, noma lwesithupha lwesonto;
kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wavuka ngobusuku bosuku lwesikhombisa, emini yosuku lwesikhombisa, ebusuku bosuku lokuqala, noma emini yosuku lokuqala;
nokuthi “izinsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu” zibalwa kusukela ekungcwatshweni, ekufeni, noma ekuboshweni;
khona-ke inani eliphelele lezinhlanganisela zemfundiso yilezi:
2 × 3 × 4 × 3 = amathuba angu-72.
La mathuba angavivinywa ngokwemibandela emine yemiBhalo:
iNkosi yavuka ngosuku lwesithathu;
Wayesenhliziyweni yomhlaba izinsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu;
Intambama yosuku lokuqala yayisabizwa ngokuthi usuku lwesithathu;
Ubusuku bosuku lokubethelwa esiphambanweni babusabizwa ngokuthi uSuku Lokulungiselela.
Lolu hlaka luyithuluzi lokuqhathanisa kunokuba ubufakazi bezibalo, ngoba iziguquguquko ziyachaza futhi azizimele ngempela. Ngaphakathi kokuqagela okuhlolwe lapha, inhlanganisela ebonakala ivumela zonke izimo ezine ngendlela eqondakalayo yile:
Usuku luqala ngemini; iNkosi yaboshwa ngoLwesine ebusuku; Yahlupheka ngoLwesihlanu; Yavuka ekuseni kakhulu ngeSonto; futhi “izinsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu” zibalwa kusukela ngesikhathi engena emandleni obumnyama ngoLwesine ebusuku.
Lo mphumela uhambisana eduze neziphetho ezithathwe ezindimeni ezandulele.
17. Isiphetho
Lapho uGenesise, uMthetho kaMose, izincwadi zomlando, amaVangeli, ezinye izindaba zeTestamente Elisha, izincwadi zeThempeli Lesibili, kanye nezifundo zokubalwa kwekhalenda lamaJuda asendulo kubhekwa ndawonye, kuvela isiphetho esifanele ukucatshangelwa ngokungathi sína:
Akukho vesi eBhayibhelini elisho ngokusobala ukuthi, “ISabatha lamasonto onke kumelwe ligcinwe kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu kuze kube ukushona kwelanga ngoMgqibelo.”
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izindima eziningi ziveza amaphethini lapho:
Ukusa kuthwala ukubaluleka kokuqala kosuku olusha; ukukhanya kwelanga kulandelwa ukuhlwa nobusuku, bese kuba ukusa okulandelayo; ngemva kokuba usuku lwesithupha ludlule ubusuku, ukusa okulandelayo kubizwa ngokuthi “namuhla, iSabatha”; futhi kwezinye izindaba zeTestamente Elisha, ukuhlwa kusahlotshaniswa nosuku olufanayo olwandulele.
Umyalo kaLevitikusi 23 wokugcina uSuku Lokubuyisana “kusukela kusihlwa kuze kube kusihlwa” uyisimiso esikhethekile salolo suku olungcwele futhi akufanele, ngaphandle kobufakazi obengeziwe, uphathwe ngokuzenzakalela njengomthetho wendawo yonke. ifomula yomngcele wosuku njalo ngeSabatha lamasonto onke.
Ngakho-ke, kungaphakanyiswa ngokunengqondo ukuthi:
ISabatha losuku lwesikhombisa lingaqondwa ngokunengqondo njengokuhlanganisa lonke usuku lwesikhombisa—kusukela ekuqaleni kwemini yangoMgqibelo, kuze kube ngoMgqibelo kusihlwa nasebusuku, kuze kube yilapho kuqala usuku lweSonto.
Njengomkhuba ongokoqobo namuhla, ngoba izikhathi zokuphuma kwelanga ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesizini kanye ne-latitude, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izifunda zihlangabezana nezikhathi ezingenakho ukuphuma kwelanga noma ukushona kwelanga okuvamile, ukusetshenziswa cishe 6:00–7:00 ekuseni isikhathi esijwayelekile sendawo njengomngcele osebenzayo unganikeza ukuvumelana.
Nokho, into ebaluleke kakhulu akusikho ukuphikisana ngemizuzu noma imizuzwana embalwa, kodwa ukuqaphela ukuthi:
iSabatha usuku lwesikhombisa olubusiswe nguNkulunkulu.
ULwesihlanu luyiSuku Lokulungiselela, lapho amakholwa ezilungiselela khona ngokomzimba nangokomoya ukwamukela iSabatha. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhanya kwelanga kosuku lwesikhombisa kuze kube sekuqaleni kokukhanya kwelanga kosuku olulandelayo, akhumbula indalo kaNkulunkulu nokuhlenga, ajabulele ukuphumula akunikezile ngaphansi komusa, futhi abheke phambili ekuphumuleni okuphakade okuzayo.
“Uma ulususa unyawo lwakho esabatheni, ekwenzeni intokozo yakho ngosuku lwami olungcwele, ulibize isabatha ngokuthi injabulo, usuku olungcwele lukaNkulunkulu ludumisekile, futhi umdumise, ungazenzi izindlela zakho, ungatholi intokozo yakho, ungakhulumi amazwi akho; khona-ke uyozithokozisa ngoNkulunkulu; futhi uyokwenza ugibele ezindaweni eziphakeme zomhlaba, futhi akuphe ifa likaJakobe uyihlo: ngokuba umlomo kaNkulunkulu ukukhulumile.”
—Isaya 58:13-14
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