Isifundo Sokubalwa KweBhayibheli Kwesikhathi SeSabatha
—
ISabatha Lithoma Nini Kwamambala?
ISabatha lilanga lesikhombisa elibusisekile nelingcweliswa nguZimu. Amakholwa awagcini iSabatha ukwenzela bona athole ukusindiswa.
Kunalokho, ngaphasi komusa, bakhumbula imisebenzi emikhulu kaZimu yokudala nokuhlengwa begodu balindele ukuphumula okungapheliko okuzako.
Namhlanjesi, kunemibono ehlukileko malungana nokuthi iSabatha lithoma nini begodu liphela nini.
Abanye balandela isiko lamaJuda lakamuva begodu bagcina iSabatha ukusuka ekutjhingeni kwelanga ngoLesihlanu ukuya ekutjhingeni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo.
Abanye bayibala ngokuya ngesikhathi sendawo sokutjhinga kwelanga nofana ukuvela kweenkwekwezi.
Abanye balandela ikhalenda yesimanjemanje begodu basebenzisa phakathi kobusuku njengomngcele welanga, okutjho bona, indawo ehlukanisako hlangana nelanga elilodwa nelilandelako.
Abanye, ngokuya ngeendima ezihlukahlukeneko zebhayibheli, bakholelwa bona ilanga elipheleleko lithoma ngemini, liragela phambili bekube sebusuku nebusuku, bese liphela lokha ilanga elilandelako nalithoma.
Ngokuya ngokuzwisisa lokhu, iSabatha lelanga lesikhombisa belizokuthoma ngeMgqibelo emini bese liphela ekuthomeni kwelanga leSondarha.
Irhubhululo leli lihlolisisa bona umbono lo wokugcina unokusekelwa yibhayibheli nomlando.
1. “Ilanga” Lenziwa Njani KuGenesisi?
UGenesisi 1:3–5 utlola:
UZimu wathi, “Akube khona ukukhanya,” kwaba khona ukukhanya. UZimu wabona bona ukukhanya kuhle, uZimu wahlukanisa ukukhanya nobumnyama. UZimu wabiza ukukhanya ngokuthi lilanga, ubumnyama wabiza ngokuthi bubusuku. Kwaba khona ukuhlwa, kwaba nokusa, ilanga lokuthoma.
Kuvamise ukuthathwa ngokuthi ngombana umtlolo uthi, "kwaba nokuhlwa, kwaba nokusa," ilanga kufanele lithome ntambama.
Kodwana, ukufunda ngokutjheja ukulandelana kwelanga lokuthoma kuGenesisi kuvumela enye into.
Ekuthomeni kwendalo, umhlaba bewunganabujamo begodu unganalitho, begodu ubumnyama bebuphezu kwamanzi atjhingako. Ubumnyama besele bukhona, kodwana ukukhanya uZimu akudalako nokuhlukanisa bekungakaveli. UZimu wathi, "Akube khona ukukhanya," begodu kwaba khona ukukhanya. UZimu wabe sehlukanisa ukukhanya nobumnyama, wabiza ukukhanya ngokuthi “Imini” bese ubumnyama ngokuthi “Ubusuku.”
Ngalokho-ke, ukulandelana kwelanga lokuthoma kungazwisiswa ngokuthi:
Ubumnyama bokuthoma → UZimu udala ukukhanya → Ilanga → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Ekuseni → Ilanga lokuthoma liphelile
Lokhu akufani nokutjho bona ilanga ngokwalo lathoma ngokuhlwa.
“Ntambama” kutjhuguluka lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kuphela khona bese ubusuku buthoma, kuthi “ekuseni” kutjhuguluka lapho ubusuku buphela khona begodu ukukhanya kwelanga kuthoma godu.
Ngalokho-ke, isitatimende:
“Kwaba khona ukuhlwa, kwaba nokusa, ilanga lokuthoma”
kungabuye kuzwisiswe ngokuthi ilanga lokudala elipheleleko ladlula emini, ebusuku, nobusuku bekwaba sekuseni. Ngaleso sikhathi ilanga lokuthoma beliphelile begodu ilanga elilandelako lathoma.
Kusukela ngelanga lesibili ukuya phambili, ilanga lingavezwa ngokuthi:
Ukukhanya kwelanga → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Ekuseni
Okutjho bona, ilanga lithoma ekuseni bese liphela ekuseni elilandelako.
Ihlathululo le akusiwo umqondo wesimanjemanje kwaphela. Ezinye izazi zamaJuda nezebhayibheli ziye zathi u-Israyeli wekadeni kungenzeka ekuthomeni bekasebenzisa indlela yokubala ilanga ekuseni ukuya ekuseni.
2. Ilanga Lokubuyisana: Ingabe “Ntambama Kuya Ntambama” Kubalwa Okujayelekileko Kwelanga, Nofana Mnyanya Okhethekileko?
ULevitikusi 23:27 uthi:
Ngelanga letjhumi lenyanga yesikhombisa kuzakuba nelanga lokubuyisana.
Nanyana kunjalo uLevitikusi 23:32 unikela umyalo okhethekileko:
Kusukela kusihlwa ngelanga lesificamunwemunye lenyanga kuze kube kusihlwa esilandelayo, lizagcina isabatha lenu.
Lokhu kusiqetjhana esiqakatheke khulu.
Nangabe “ubusuku belanga lesificamunwemunye” besele buthoma ilanga letjhumi, kubayini umtlolo usawubiza ngokuthi:
ukuhlwa kwelanga lesificamunwemunye
kunokuthi “kuhlwa kwelanga letjhumi”?
Okunye ukuzwisisa okungenzeka kukobana umkhawulo welanga ovamileko bewuhlala ekuseni, ngesikhathi ukuzila ukudla okukhethekileko nokuzithoba okutlhogekako ngelanga lokubuyisana kuthoma ekuseni, ntambama yelanga lesificamunwemunye, begodu kwaragela phambili bekwaba ntambama yelanga letjhumi.
Ngalokho:
Isikhathi semini sangomhla we-9 → Ukuhlwa kwanomhla we-9 [ukuzila ukudla kuyathoma] → Isikhathi semini sangomhla we-10 [Ilanga lokubuyisana] → Ukuhlwa kwanomhla we-10 [ukuzila ukudla kuyaphela]
Ngokuya ngalokhu kuzwisisa, "ntambama ukuya kusihlwa" kutjho:
isikhathi esikhethekileko sokugidinga ilanga lokubuyisana
kunokobana uchaze:
umkhawulo welanga welanga ngalinye
Umehluko lo uqakathekile.
IBhayibheli alitjho ukuthi:
“Njalo iSabatha kufanele ligcinwe kusukela kusihlwa kuze kube kusihlwa.”
ULevitikusi 23:32 ukhuluma ngokukhethekileko ngelanga lokubuyisana, elibuye libe nomyalo ohlukileko wokuzithoba.
Ngalokho-ke, ukunweba ivesi le ibe ngumthetho wendawo yoke weSabatha leveke kutlhoga isekelo elengeziweko lebhayibheli.
3. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthi “Ilanga Lelo” kanye “Nokuseni”
Iindinyana ezimbalwa emThethweni kaMosi ziqakathekile khulu.
Umtlolo kaLevitikusi 7:15 uthi inyama yomnikelo wokuthokoza kufanele idliwe ngelanga elinikelwa ngalo begodu akukafaneli itjhiywe bekube sekuseni.
ULevitikusi 22:30 godu uthi:
Kuzakudliwa mhlokho; awuyikutjhiya litho bekube sekuseni.
UDutheronomi 21:23 naye uyala:
Isidumbu sakhe akukafaneli sihlale phezu kwesihlahla ubusuku boke, kodwana mhlalokho uzosibulunga.
Iindinyana lezi ziveza ukulandelana kwemvelo:
Ngalelo langa → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Ekuseni
Zitjengisa bona ukuhlwa nobusuku kusese “ngelanga lelo,” ngesikhathi ukufika kwekuseni kutshwaya ukuthoma kwelanga elilandelako.
Ngalokho-ke, umhlabelo bewungadliwa ebusuku nebusuku belanga elifanako, kodwana bewungeze uhlale bekube sekuseni. Amagama la ahambisana nokusebenza kwekuseni njengomkhawulo lapho isidingo esiphathelene nokuthi "lelo langa" singasasebenzi.
Amagama la asekela ngokunqophileko ukuzwisisa bona ilanga lithoma ekuseni, liragela phambili bekube sebusuku, begodu liphele ekuseni.
Okungenani, amavesi la asikisela bona ekuseni kungasebenza njenge umkhawulo welanga, indawo ehlukanisako hlangana nelanga elilodwa nelilandelako.
4. U-Eksodusi 16, iMana, neSabatha lokuthoma elitloliweko
U-Eksodusi 16 ngenye yeengcenye eziqakatheke khulu zokufunda isikhathi seSabatha.
Abantu bebaphuma qobe ekuseni bayokuthatha imana. Ngelanga lesithandathu, babuthelela kabili.
UMosi wathi kibo:
Kusasa kukuphumula kweSabatha, iSabatha elingcwele leNkosi.
Abantu bagcina ukudla:
bekube sekuseni.
Bese kuthi ekuseni, uMosi wathi:
Yidla lokho namhlanjesi, ngombana namhlanjesi liSabatha leKosi.
Indaba le iveza ukulandelana okulandelako:
Ilanga lesithandathu: buthelela isabelo esiphindwe kabili → Ukudlula kobusuku → Ekuseni → “Namhlanjesi” liSabatha
Lokhu kungenye yeengcenye eziqakathekileko lapho uZimu, ngoMosi, afundisa u-Israyeli ngokusemthethweni bona aligcine njani iSabatha.
Kuyaphawuleka bona isiqetjhana asitloli uMosi amemezela ekutjhingeni kwelanga ngelanga lesithandathu:
"ISabatha sele lithomile."
Esikhundleni salokho, ngelanga elilandelako ekuseni, ilanga lesikhombisa lichazwa ngokuthi:
“Namhlanjesi liSabatha.”
Lokhu kuhambisana, begodu kungasekela, ukubala okusekelwe ekuseni, nanyana kungakghoni ukuthoma kweSabatha.
5. Ukuvalwa kwamasango nguNehemiya akutjengisi ngokwakho bona iSabatha belithoma ekutjhingeni kwelanga
UNehemiya 13:19 utlola:
Lokha amasango weJerusalema nakathoma ukuba mnyama ngaphambi kweSabatha, ngayala bona amasango avalwe begodu ngayala bona angavulwa bekube ngemva kweSabatha.
Isiqetjhana lesi sivame ukusetjenziselwa ukufakazela bona iSabatha belithoma ekutjhingeni kwelanga.
Kodwana, umtlolo ngokwawo uthi:
ngaphambi kweSabatha
UNehemiya wavala amasango kusesenesikhathi, ngesikhathi sobumnyama ngaphambi kweSabatha. Lokhu kungazwisiswa njengendlela yokukhandela ukukhandela abathengisi bona bangangenisi ipahla edorobheni ebusuku ukwenzela bona bakghone ukurhweba ngelanga elilandelako leSabatha.
Ngalokho-ke:
Ukuvala amasango ntambama ≠ ubufakazi bokuthi ntambama ngokwayo bekukuthoma kweSabatha
Isigaba sihambisana nokuhlathulula ukuthoma kokutjhinga kwelanga, kodwana akutjengisi bona ukutjhinga kwelanga bekumkhawulo welanga.
6. Isikhathi Sokungcwatshwa KweKosi UJesu Siphakamisa Umbuzo Oqakathekileko
Ukungcwatshwa kweKosi uJesu: Ukuhlwa ngelanga lokulungiselela nokutjhidela kweSabatha
UMarkosi 15:42 uthi:
"Kwathi nakuhlwa, ngombana bekulilanga lokulungiselela, okutjho, ilanga langaphambi kweSabatha..."
Ukulandelana kwesikhathi evesini le kufanele kutjhejwe kuhle.
Umtlolo utjho ngokukhanyako bona:
ubusuku besele bufikile
kodwana isikhathi esifanako sisabizwa ngokuthi:
“ilanga lokulungiselela, okutjho ilanga langaphambi kweSabatha.”
Ngamanye amagama, ngokuya ngokufundwa okungokwemvelo kwendaba, ukuhlwa besele kufikile, kodwana bekusese liLanga lokuLungiselela, begodu iSabatha belingakathomi.
UJosefa wase-Arimatheya waya kuPilatu wabawa isidumbu seKosi uJesu. UPilatu wamangala ngokuthi besele ahlongakele, yeke wabiza umphathi wekhulu wambuza bona besele ahlongakele na. Kuphela ngemva kokuthola isiqinisekiso lapho uPilatu akhulula khona isidumbu kuJosefa.
Uchungechunge lweenkambiso zokungcwaba bekufuze zilandelwe. UJosefa bekufuze:
thenga ilineni elihle → yehlisa isidumbu → lungiselela isidumbu → sigoqe ngelineni → sibeke ethuneni eliqotjhwe ematjeni → giqa ilitje emnyango
UJwanisi 19:39–40 godu utlola bona uNikhodemu weza nemira ne-aloye enengi, begodu ndawonye:
walungisa isidumbu sakaJesu ngamakha ngokuya ngesiko lamaJuda lokungcwaba.
Ngalokho-ke, kusukela ngesikhathi lapho sele kusihlwa begodu uJosefa waya kuPilatu ukuyokubawa isidumbu, ngokubuza kwakaPilatu kumphathi wekhulu, ukutjhatjhululwa kwesidumbu, kanye namalungiselelo wokungcwaba apheleleko enziwa nguJosefa noNikhodemu, kufanele bona kudlule isikhathi esinengi.
Ngemva kokuhlathulula izehlakalo lezi, uLuka 23:54 uthi:
“Ilanga lelo bekulilanga lokuLungiselela, begodu iSabatha belitjhidela.”
Ivesi le iqakathekile khulu.
Isenzo sesiGirigi esitjhugululwe ngokuthi “gade sitjhidela” ἐπέφωσκεν (epéphōsken), ukusuka ἐπιφώσκω (epiphōskō). Igama lihlotjaniswa nokukhanya okuvelako, ilanga elithoma ukukhanya, nofana ukusa okutjhidelako.
Ngalokho-ke, lokha nakucatshangelwa umqondo welizwi, ukulandisa kwakaLuka kuphakamisa umbuzo oqakathekileko ofanele ukuphenywa:
Kghani ukungcwatshwa kweKosi uJesu kwathoma ebusuku beLanga lokuLungiselela, kwaragela phambili isikhathi esithileko ebusuku, begodu kwaphela njengombana kutjhidela ekuseni, iSabatha lelanga lesikhombisa “lizokusa”?
Nayikuthi kunjalo, ukulandelana kwesikhathi kungaba kuhle:
Ilanga lokulungiselela emini: iKosi ibethelwe esiphambanweni → Ukuhlwa kuyafika, kodwana kusabizwa ngokuthi lilanga lokulungiselela → uJosefa ubawa isidumbu → uJosefa noNikodemu balungiselela begodu bangcwabe isidumbu seKosi → ISabatha liyatjhidela
Ihlathululo le ifanelwe kuqathaniswa nombono wesintu wokobana iSabatha lithoma msinyana ngemva kokutjhinga kwelanga ngoLesihlanu.
UMarkosi uthi ngokutjho ngokukhanyako bona ukuhlwa besele kufikile lokha isikhathi sisabizwa ngokuthi "liLanga lokuLungiselela, ilanga langaphambi kweSabatha." ULuka, ngemva kokuhlathulula ukungcwatshwa, usebenzisa isenzo esihlotjaniswa nokukhanya nofana ukusa ukuhlathulula iSabatha njengelitjhidelako.
Kuliqiniso, woke umbuzo wokubalwa kweSabatha angeze wararululwa ligama elilodwa lesiGirigi ἐπέφωσκεν wedwa. Ukusetjenziswa kwegama eenkhathini ezihlukahlukeneko kanye neendlela zokubala amalanga hlangana namaJuda wekhulu lokuthoma kufanele kuhlolwe.
Nanyana kunjalo, lokha iindinyana ezimbili nazifundwa ndawonye, ziphakamisa umbuzo okungakafaneli ulahlwe lula:
Nangabe iSabatha besele lithomile msinyana ngemva kokutjhinga kwelanga langoLesihlanu, kubayini uMarkosi, ngemva kokuthi sele kuhlwa, usabiza isikhathi ngokuthi “liLanga lokuLungiselela, ilanga langaphambi kweSabatha”? Begodu kubayini uLuka, ekupheleni kokungcwaba, asebenzisa isenzo esihlotjaniswa nokukhanya nokusa ukuhlathulula ukutjhidela kweSabatha?
Ngalokho-ke, indaba yokungcwatshwa kweKosi uJesu ifanelwe kucatshangelwa khulu ekufundweni kokuthi iSabatha belithoma ntambama nofana emini.
7. UMatewu 28:1 : “Ngemva kweSabatha, Ngasekuseni kwelanga lokuthoma”
UMatewu 28:1 ngomunye umtlolo oqakatheke khulu.
Amagama wesiGirigi ahlathulula isikhathi ngokuthi:
ngemva kweSabatha, njengombana bekusa ngelanga lokuthoma leveke.
Ngokuya ngokulandelana kwesikhathi:
ISabatha liphelile → Ubusuku obuphakathi bufikelela umkhawulo wayo wekuseni → Ilanga lokuthoma liyasa
Lokhu kuhambisana nokuzwisisa bona ilanga lokuthoma lithoma ekuseni.
Woke amaVangeli amane atlola bona abafazi baya ethuneni ekuseni ngelanga lokuthoma leveke.
Nangabe iSabatha beliphelile ngokutjhinga kwelanga ngoMgqibelo, kubayini abafazi bangazange baye ethuneni ngoMgqibelo kusihlwa kunokuthi balinde bekube sekuseni ngelanga lokuthoma?
Umuntu angaphendula ngokuzwakalako bona ukuphepha, ubumnyama, ukukhanya, nofana ezinye izinto eziqakathekileko zingahlathulula ukulibaziseka. Ngalokho-ke, iphuzu leli lodwa alisilo isiqunto.
Kodwana, lokha nayifundwa ndawonye nezinye iindinyana, ihlala iqakathekile.
8. UJwanisi 20:19: “Ngalolosuku, ilanga lokuthoma leveke, ntambama”
UJwanisi 20:19 utlola:
"Bese, ngelanga elifanako ntambama, kube lilanga lokuthoma leveke..."
Ngokuya kwehlelo lamaJuda lokutjhinga kwelanga ukuya ekutjhingeni kwelanga, ngeSonto ntambama ngemva kokutjhinga kwelanga bekungaba ngelanga lesibili.
Nanyana kunjalo u-John usathi:
"Ngalelo langa, ilanga lokuthoma leveke, ntambama."
Lokhu okungenani kutjengisa bona umtloli weTestamente eliTjha angahlathulula ubusuku obulandela ilanga njengelanga elifanako.
Kuliqiniso, abanye abahumushi bazwisisa "ilanga elifanako" njengehlathululo yokulandisa ngelanga lokuvuka kunokobana kube yihlathululo yekhalenda yezobuchwepheshe.
Ngalokho-ke, isiqetjhana lesi sisetjenziswa ngcono ndawonye nobunye ubufakazi kunokobana sibe bufakazi bodwa.
9. Iinqetjhana zeTestamente etja lapho "Ilanga elilandelako" liza ngemva kokuhlwa nofana ebusuku
IThestamente Elitjha lineendlela ezinengi ezifanako zokulandisa.
UMarkosi 11 utlola bona ubusuku bebufikile, bese ukhuluma “ngelanga elilandelako.”
UJwanisi 6 uthoma ngokuthi ukuhlwa besele kumnyama, begodu ngemva kwalokho ukhuluma “ngelanga elilandelako.”
IzEnzo 4 zitlola bona ngombana besele kusihlwa, abaphostoli babanjwa bekwaba “ngelanga elilandelako.”
ImiSebenzi 23 ihlathulula uPowula aphelekezelwa ebusuku, begodu ngemva kwalokho ibhekisela “ngelanga elilandelako.”
Iindatjana lezi akukafaneli zithathwe njengamafomula wekhalenda aqinileko.
Nanyana kunjalo, batjengisa bona:
ubusuku nobusuku bekungathathwa ngokuzenzakalelako batloli bebhayibheli njengesiqalo selanga elilandelako.
10. "Ama-awa alitjhumi nambili" wokugcinwa kwesikhathi kwelanga nekuseni
INkosi uJesu yathi:
"Akukho na ama-awa alitjhumi nambili ngelanga?"
— UJwanisi 11:9
IThestamente Elitjha kanengi likhuluma nge-awa yesithathu, i-awa yesithandathu, ne-awa yesithoba.
Ngaphasi kwehlelo lamaJuda lokuhlukanisa ukukhanya kwemini kube ziingcenye ezilitjhumi nambili:
i-awa yesithathu bekuyi-9:00 ekuseni;
nge-awa yesithandathu pheze emini;
i-awa yesithoba pheze nge-awa yesithathu ntambama.
Lokhu kutjengisa bona ukubalwa kwemini okujayelekileko ephasini lakade bekuthoma ekuseni nofana ekuphumeni kwelanga.
Kodwana, kufanele kube nomehluko oqakathekileko hlangana:
indawo yokuthoma yokubala ama-awa welanga alitjhumi nambili
begodu
umkhawulo welanga welanga elipheleleko lama-awa amatjhumi amabili nane wekhalenda
Lokhu kokubili akufani.
Ngalokho-ke, ubufakazi lobu bungasekela ukuzwisisa okusekelwe ekuseni, kodwana akukafaneli busetjenziswe ngokwabo ukufakazela bona ilanga ngalinye kufanele lithome ngo-6:00 ekuseni.
Ukutjheja okusebenzako namhlanjesi, ukusebenzisa isikhathi esijayelekileko sendawo esilinganiselwa ku-6:00 ukuya ku-7:00 ekuseni njengomngcele wokusebenza kunganikela ngendlela engatjhugulukiko, kodwana kufanele kuvezwe ngokukhanyako bona lokhu:
indlela esebenzako yokuphumelelisa, ingasi umyalo webhayibheli oveza ngqo i-6:00 ekuseni.
11. Ilanga nobusuku buyabuya ngesikhathi sabo esibekiweko
UJeremiya 33 uqukethe iintatimende ezimbili eziqakathekileko eziphathelene nokuhleleka okusungulwe nguZimu kwemini nobusuku.
UJeremiya 33:20 uthi:
“Nakhu okutjhiwo nguSomnini: Nangabe ningephula isivumelwano sami nemini nesivumelwano sami nobusuku, ukwenzela bona imini nobusuku zingafiki ngesikhathi sazo...”
UJeremiya 33:25 godu ubhekisela ku:
Isivumelwano sakaZimu nemini nobusuku nokuhleleka okujameleko kwezulu nephasi.
Iindinyana lezi zihlathulula imini nobusuku njengeenkhathi ezimbili ezihlukileko kodwana eziphindaphindekako ezibuswa lihlelo elisunguliweko lakaZimu:
Ilanga liza ngesikhathi salo → Ubusuku bufika ngesikhathi sabo → Ilanga liyabuya godu
Ukubhangqa okufanako kwemvelo kuvela kanengi eenkulumeni zebhayibheli ezihlathulula isikhathi esiragela phambili:
amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu — 1 USamuyeli 30:12; UJona 1:17; UMatewu 12:40;
amalanga alikhomba nobusuku obulikhomba — UJobe 2:13;
amalanga amatjhumi amane nobusuku obumatjhumi amane — UGenesisi 7:4, 12; U-Eksodusi 24:18; 34:28; UDutheronomi 9:9, 18; 1 AmaKhosi 19:8; UMatewu 4:2.
Emazwini la, “imini” ngokuvamileko itjho isikhathi sokukhanya begodu “ubusuku” kutjho isikhathi sobumnyama. Bobabili bahlathulula ukulandelana okungaphazanyiswako kwemini nobusuku.
Iphetheni yebhayibheli ephindaphindiweko amalanga nobusuku ngalokho-ke kuyahambisana nokulandelana:
Ukukhanya kwelanga → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Ukubuya kokukhanya kwelanga
Ubufakazi lobu, ngokwabo, abubeki umkhawulo oqondileko wethekhnikhi welanga ngalinye lekhalenda. Nokho, kutjengisa bona iBhayibheli liphindaphinda liphatha ukukhanya kwemini nobusuku obulandelako njengeenkhathi ezihambelana ngokwemvelo lokha nayihlathulula ukudlula kwamalanga apheleleko.
Nawuqalwa ndawonye noGenesisi 1, imithetho ephathelene nokuthi yini okungakafaneli ihlale bekube sekuseni, nezinye iindinyana ezihlolwe esifundweni lesi, iphetheni yemini nobusuku ebuyelelweko inikela ngokusekela okungezelelweko kokuphenya bona ukulandelana kweBhayibheli kungazwisiswa njengemini elandelwa busuku, umjikelezo olandelako ubonakala lokha nakubuya ukukhanya kwelanga.
12. Iingxabano zekhalenda besele zikhona ngesikhathi sethempeli lesibili
Ekufundeni amakhalenda wamaJuda wakade, iqiniso eliqakathekileko lomlando kufanele likhunjulwe:
U-Israyeli wakade bekangasebenzisi ihlelo linye kwaphela lekhalenda elingatjhugulukiko kiwo woke umlando walo.
Ibhuku lamaJubili kanye namasiko weenkwekwezi avezwe ku-1 Enoch agandelela khulu ikhalenda yelanga yamalanga ama-364.
Umnyaka onamalanga ama-364 uqukethe ngqo:
52 amaviki apheleleko.
I-Jubilees 6 ize iyelelise ngokuthi nangabe abantu banquma amadeyidi ngokuya ngokutjheja kwenyanga, iminyanya namaSabatha angaba sesiphithiphithini.
Lokhu kutjengisa bona ukuphikisana okukhulu kwamakhalenda bekukhona ngaphakathi komphakathi wamaJuda ngesikhathi seThempeli lesibili.
Ngalokho-ke, ngitjho nanyana ezinye iindinyana ku-Jubilees zitjengisa ihlelo lapho ilanga elitjha lathoma ngemva kokutjhinga kwelanga, lokhu angeze kwasetjenziswa ngokubuyela emuva ukufakazela bona:
"Lokhu bekuyindlela yokuthoma kaMosi."
IJubili ngokwayo ngumsebenzi wesikhathi seThempeli lesibili begodu itjengisa isiko elilodwa elithileko ngaphakathi kwesikhathi leso.
13. Ezinye izazi zamaJuda zesimanjemanje ziphinde zaphikisana ngomkhawulo welanga lasekuseni lama-Israyeli
Izazi ezinengi eziqakathekileko zamaJuda zekhulu lama-20 zahlolisisa umbuzo lo.
U-Julian Morgenstern wathi u-Israyeli wekadeni wake wabala ilanga ukusuka ekuphumeni kwelanga nofana ekuseni ukuya ekuphumeni kwelanga okulandelako nofana ekuseni, begodu ihlelo lokutjhinga kwelanga ukuya ekutjhingeni kwelanga lathuthuka ngemva kwesikhathi.
U-Jacob Z. Lauterbach wahlongoza umbono ofanako, aphikisana ngokuthi ukubalwa kwelanga e-Israyeli yangaphambi kokuthunjwa bekungakafani nehlelo laborabi langomuva, begodu eminye imikghwa yeThempeli igcina isimiso esidala lapho ubusuku bulandela isikhathi sangaphambilini semini.
P. J. Heawood godu wakhuluma ngokuthi kungenzeka kube nomkhawulo welanga lasekuseni ngokusebenzisa imithetho yomhlatjelo, uGenesisi, kanye namavesi weTestamente eliTjha.
Iimfundo lezi azitjengisi bona iimfundo zesimanjemanje zifikelele esiphethweni esivumelanako.
Ziyatjengisa, nanyana kunjalo, bona:
umbono wokobana u-Israyeli wekadeni kungenzeka bekasebenzisa umkhawulo welanga lasekuseni akusiyo into eyakhiweko yesimanjemanje ngaphandle kwesibonelo sezazi.
Yisikhundla esiphakanyiswe ngokusemthethweni begodu sakhulunywa ngaso esifundweni sezemfundo.
14. Ubuhlungu beKosi kanye "nelanga lesithathu"
Woke amaVangeli amane aveza ilanga lokubethelwa kweKosi uJesu ngokuthi:
iLanga lokuLungiselela.
INkosi yabikezela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi izovuka:
ngelanga lesithathu.
KuLukasi 24:21, ntambama ngelanga lokuthoma leveke, abafundi ababili endleleni eya e-Emawusi bathi:
“Namhlanjesi lilanga lesithathu lokhu kwenzeka.”
Nangabe ukubethelwa kwenzeke ngeLesihlanu:
ULwesihlanu = ilanga lokuthoma
uMgqibelo = ilanga lesibili
NgeSondarha = ilanga lesithathu
Lokhu kuvumelana ngokwemvelo nekulumo ethi "uvuswa ngelanga lesithathu."
Ngalokho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuthi ukubethelwa esiphambanweni kuye ngeLesine ukwenzela bona kulandelwe umutjho othi "amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu."
15. “Amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu enhliziyweni yephasi” akutjho bona “Ungcwatjhwe amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu”
UMatewu 12:40 uthi:
"Ngalokho iNdodana yoMuntu izakuhlala amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu enhliziyweni yephasi."
Inkulumo ithi:
“enhliziyweni yephasi”
kunokobana kube ngamagama ajayelekileko athi "ngaphakathi kwethuna ngaphasi komhlabathi."
Ngesikhathi iKosi ibotjhwa eGetsemane, yathi:
“Lesi lisikhathi senu, namandla wobumnyama.”
— ULuka 22:53
Ngalokho-ke, enye ihlathululo engokomoya engenzeka kukuthi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kwayo ngoLwesine ebusuku, iKosi besele ingene esikhathini lapho gade ibekwe ngaphasi kwamandla wephasi kanye "namandla wobumnyama."
Ngalokho:
NgoLwesine ebusuku
NgoLesihlanu emini
NgoLesihlanu ebusuku
NgoMgqibelo emini
NgoMgqibelo ebusuku
NgeSondarha ekuseni khulu emini
ingabalwa njenge:
ubusuku obuthathu neenkhathi ezintathu zemini
ngesikhathi iKosi isese:
wabethelwa esiphambanweni ngoLesihlanu begodu wavuswa ngelanga lesithathu, ngeSondarha.
Ihlathululo le ivumela kokubili “amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu” kanye “nokuvuswa ngelanga lesithathu” bona kuhlale kuliqiniso ngaphandle kokutjhugulula ukubizwa kweVangeli kwelanga lokubethelwa njengeLanga lokuLungiselela.
16. Ihlaka lokumadanisa leenhlanganisela ezingaba matjhumi alikhomba nambili
Nangabe amatjhuguluko alandelako ahlelwe ngokuhlanganiswa okuhlukileko:
nanyana ilanga lilandela ubusuku-ilanga nofana imini nobusuku ukulandelana;
kungakhathaliseki bona iKosi yahlupheka ngelanga lesine, lesihlanu, namkha lesithandathu leveke;
kungakhathaliseki bona wavuka ebusuku belanga lesikhombisa, emini yelanga lesikhombisa, ebusuku belanga lokuthoma, nofana emini yelanga lokuthoma;
nokuthi “amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu” kubalwa ukusuka ekungcwabeni, ekufeni, namkha ekubotjhweni;
khona-ke inani elipheleleko leenhlanganisela zethiyori ngu:
2 × 3 × 4 × 3 = 72 amathuba.
Amathuba la angahlolwa ngokujamelana nemibandela emine yemitlolo:
iKosi yavuka ngelanga lesithathu;
Waba amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu enhliziyweni yephasi;
ntambama yelanga lokuthoma bekusolo kubizwa ngelanga lesithathu;
ukuhlwa kwelanga lokubethelwa esiphambanweni bekusolo kubizwa ngokuthi liLanga lokuLungiselela.
Ihlaka leli lithulusi lokumadanisa kunokobana libe bufakazi bezibalo, ngombana amatjhuguluko ayahlathulula begodu awazijameleko. Ngaphakathi kwemicabango ehlolwe lapha, inhlanganisela ebonakala ivumelana nazo zoke iimeko ezine kuhle khulu:
Ilanga lithoma ngesikhathi semini; iKosi yabotjhwa ngoLwesine ebusuku; Wahlupheka ngeLesihlanu; Wavuka ekuseni ngeSondarha; begodu “amalanga amathathu nobusuku obuthathu” kubalwa kusukela ngesikhathi angena ngaso emandleni wobumnyama ngoLwesine ebusuku.
Umphumela lo uhambelana khulu neziphetho ezithathwe emavesini adlulileko.
17. Isiphetho
Lokha uGenesisi, umThetho kaMosi, iincwadi zomlando, amaVangeli, ezinye iindaba zeTestamente eliTjha, imitlolo yeThempeli lesibili, kanye neemfundo zokubalwa kwamakhalenda wamaJuda wakade naziqalwa ndawonye, kuvela isiphetho esifanele ukucatshangelwa khulu:
Alikho ivesi eBhayibhelini elithi, "ISabatha leveke kufanele lihlale ligcinwa kusukela ngoLwesihlanu ekutjhingeni kwelanga bekube kutjhinga kwelanga ngoMgqibelo."
Ngokuphikisako, amavesi amanengi aveza amaphetheni lapho:
ekuseni kuthwala ukuqakatheka kokuthoma kwelanga elitjha; ukukhanya kwelanga kulandelwa kusihlwa nobusuku, bese kulandela ekuseni; ngemva kobana ilanga lesithandathu lidlule ebusuku, ekuseni okulandelako kubizwa ngokuthi “namhlanjesi, iSabatha”; begodu kezinye iindaba zeTestamente etja, ubusuku busahlotjaniswa nelanga elifanako langaphambilini.
Umyalo kaLevitikusi 23 wokuthi kugcinwe iLanga lokuBuyisana “ukusuka kusihlwa ukuya kusihlwa” mthetho okhethekileko walelo langa elingcwele begodu akukafaneli, ngaphandle kobufakazi obungezelelweko, uthathwe njengowendawo yoke ifomula yomngcele welanga ngeSabatha ngalinye leveke.
Ngalokho-ke, kungaphakanyiswa bona:
iSabatha lelanga lesikhombisa lingazwisiswa ngokuzwakalako njengelifaka hlangana ilanga lesikhombisa loke—ukusukela ekuthomeni kwelanga langoMgqibelo, ukufikela ngoMgqibelo ntambama nobusuku, bekube kulapho ilanga leSondarha lithoma khona.
Ngokutjheja okusebenzako namhlanjesi, ngombana isikhathi sokuphuma kwelanga siyahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka ne-latitude, begodu ngombana ezinye iindawo zihlangabezana neenkhathi ezinganakuphuma kwelanga okujayelekileko nofana ukutjhinga kwelanga, ukusetjenziswa kwe- 6:00–7:00 ekuseni ngesikhathi esijayelekileko sendawo njengombana umkhawulo osebenzako unganikela ngokuvumelana.
Kodwana, into eqakatheke khulu akusikuphikisana ngemizuzu embalwa nofana imizuzwana, kodwana ukutjheja bona:
iSabatha lilanga lesikhombisa elibusiswe nguZimu.
ULwesihlanu lilanga lokulungiselela, lapho amakholwa azilungiselela khona ngokomzimba nangokomoya ukwamukela iSabatha. Kusukela ekuthomeni kokukhanya kwelanga lesikhombisa bekube sekuthomeni kokukhanya kwelanga elilandelako, bakhumbula ukudalwa kwakaZimu nokuhlengwa, bathabela ukuphumula akunike ngaphasi komusa, begodu balindele ukuphumula okungapheliko okuzako.
“Nangabe ungaphambukisa unyawo lwakho eSabatha, ekwenzeni intando yakho ngelanga lami elicwengileko, begodu ubize iSabatha ngokuthi lilithabo, lilanga elicwengileko lakaZimu elihlonitjhwako, begodu umhloniphe, ungenzi iindlela zakho, ungafumani injabulo yakho, namkha ukhulume amazwi wakho, khona-ke uzakuzithokozisa kuZimu begodu uzokugibela eendaweni eziphakemeko zomhlaba; udlise ngelifa lakaJakopo uyihlo: ngombana umlomo kaZimu ukhulumile lokho.”
— Isaya 58:13–14
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